ಕಂಪನಿಯ ಅಕೌಂಟಿಗ್ ಪಾಲಿಸಿ TVS Supply Chain Solutions Ltd.

Mar 31, 2026

A Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to

a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability

or equity instrument of another entity.

i. Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets and financial liabilities are
initially recognised when the Company becomes
a party to the contractual provisions of the
instrument.

All financial assets are classified, at initial
recognition, as subsequently measured at
amortised cost and fair value through profit
or loss. All financial liabilities are recognised
initially at fair value and, in the case of loans
and borrowings and payables, net of directly
attributable transaction costs.

The classification of financial assets at initial
recognition depends on the financial asset''s
contractual cash flow characteristics and the
Company''s business model for managing them.
With the exception of trade receivables that do
not contain a significant financing component or
for which the Company has applied the practical
expedient, the Company initially measures a
financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of
a financial asset not at fair value through profit or
loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do
not contain a significant financing component or
for which the Company has applied the practical
expedient are measured at the transaction
price determined under Ind AS 115. Refer to the
accounting policies in section (B) Revenue from
contracts with customers.

In order for a financial asset to be classified and
measured at amortised cost, it needs to give
rise to cash flows that are ''solely payments of
principal and interest (SPPI)'' on the principal

amount outstanding. This assessment is referred
to as the SPPI test and is performed at an
instrument level. Financial assets with cash flows
that are not SPPI are classified and measured at
fair value through profit or loss, irrespective of
the business model.

The Company''s business model for managing
financial assets refers to how it manages its
financial assets in order to generate cash flows.
The business model determines whether cash
flows will result from collecting contractual cash
flows. Financial assets classified and measured at
amortised cost are held within a business model
with the objective to hold financial assets in order
to collect contractual cash flows.

ii. Classification and subsequent measurement

A. Financial assets

On initial recognition, a financial asset is
classified as measured at:

- amortised cost;

-FVTPL

Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent
to their initial recognition, except if and in the
period the Company changes its business model
for managing financial assets.

A financial asset is measured at amortised cost if
it meets both of the following conditions and is
not designated as at FVTPL:

- the asset is held within a business model whose
objective is to hold assets to collect contractual
cash flows; and

- the contractual terms of the financial asset give
rise on specified dates to cash flows that are
solely payments of principal and interest on the
principal amount outstanding.

All financial assets not measured at amortised
cost as described above are measured at FVTPL.
This includes all derivative financial assets. On
initial recognition, the Company may irrevocably
designate a financial asset that otherwise meets
the requirements to be measured at amortised
cost as at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or
significantly reduces an accounting mismatch
that would otherwise arise.

Financial liabilities: Classification, subsequent
measurement and gains and losses

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at
amortised cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is
classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held- for-
trading, or it is a derivative or it is designated as
such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at
FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains
and losses, including any interest expense, are
recognised in statement of profit and loss. Other
financial liabilities are subsequently measured
at amortised cost using the effective interest
method. Interest expense and foreign exchange
gains and losses are recognised in profit or
loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also
recognised in profit or loss.

for fixed to fixed classification and as liability
if the conversion option does not meet Ind
AS 32 criteria for fixed to fixed classification.
Transaction costs are deducted from equity, net
of associated income tax. The carrying amount of
the conversion option are remeasured on every
reporting period and the difference is recognised
in the statement of profit and loss.

iii. Derecognition
Financial assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset
when the contractual rights to the cash flows
from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the
rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a
transaction in which substantially all of the risks
and rewards of ownership of the financial asset
are transferred or in which the Company neither
transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks
and rewards of ownership and does not retain
control of the financial asset.

If the Company enters into transactions whereby
it transfers assets recognised on its balance
sheet, but retains either all or substantially all of
the risks and rewards of the transferred assets,
the transferred assets are not derecognised.

Financial liabilities

The Company derecognises a financial liability
when its contractual obligations are discharged
or cancelled, or expire.

The Company also derecognises a financial
liability when its terms are modified and the cash
flows under the modified terms are substantially
different. In this case, a new financial liability
based on the modified terms is recognised at
fair value. The difference between the carrying
amount of the financial liability extinguished and
the new financial liability with modified terms is
recognised in profit or loss.

iv. Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset
and the net amount presented in the balance
sheet when, and only when, the Company
currently has a legally enforceable right to set off
the amounts and it intends either to settle them
on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle
the liability simultaneously.

B Revenue

i. Rendering of services

Revenue from contracts with customers is
recognised when control of the services are
transferred to the customer at an amount that
reflects the consideration to which the Company
expects to be entitled in exchange for those
services. Such revenue is recognised upon
the Company''s performance of its contractual
obligations and on satisfying all the following
conditions:

(1) Parties to the contract have approved the
contract and undertaken to perform their
respective obligations;

(2) Such contract has specified the respective
rights and obligations of the parties in
connection with the transfer of goods

or rendering of services (hereinafter the
"Transfer");

(3) Such contract contains specific payment
terms in relation to the Transfer;

(4) Such contract has a commercial nature,
namely, it will change the risk, time
distribution or amount of the Company''s
future cash flow;

(5) The Company is likely to recover the
consideration it is entitled to for the Transfer
to customers.

Revenue is recognised when no significant
uncertainty exists regarding the collection of
the consideration. The amount recognised as
revenue is exclusive of all indirect taxes and net
of returns and discounts.

Performance Obligations:

a) Supply chain management

consume the benefits of the Company''s services.
The contracts contain a single performance
obligation, as the distinct services provided
remain substantially the same over time and
possess the same pattern of transfer. The
transaction price is based on the consideration
specified in the contract with the customer
and contains fixed and variable consideration.

In general, the fixed component of a contract
represents amounts for facility and equipment
costs incurred to satisfy the performance
obligation and is recognized over the term of the
contract.

In the case of transportation services,
performance obligation is created when a
customer under a transportation contract
submits a shipment note for the transport
of goods from origin to destination. These
performance obligations are satisfied over
the period as the shipments move from origin
to destination and revenue is recognized
proportionally as a shipment moves and the
related costs are recognized as incurred.
Performance obligations are short-term, with
transit days less than one week. Generally,
customers are billed either upon shipment of
the freight or on a monthly basis, and remit
payment according to approved payment terms.
The Company recognizes revenue on a net basis
when the Company does not control the specific
services.

b) Telecommunication:

If the outcome of a contract can be estimated
reliably, contract revenue is recognised in profit
or loss over the period in proportion to the
stage of completion of the contract. The stage of
completion is assessed by reference to surveys
of work performed (output method). Otherwise,
contract revenue is recognised only to the extent
of contract costs incurred that are likely to be

recoverable. Contract costs are recognised as
expenses as incurred unless they create an asset
related to future contract activity. An expected
loss on a contract is recognised immediately in
profit or loss.

c) Sale of goods

Revenue from sale of traded goods is recognised
when the control of the same is transferred to
the customer, generally on delivery of the goods
and it is probable that the Company will collect
the consideration to which it is entitled for the
exchanged goods.

Principal versus Agent considerations:

The Company assesses whether it acts as a
principal or an agent by evaluating whether
it controls the specified goods or services
before they are transferred to the customer,
with consideration of indicators such as
primary responsibility for fulfilment, inventory
risk, and discretion in pricing. Where control
exists, revenue is recognized on a gross basis;
otherwise, where the Company''s role is limited to
arranging for the provision of goods or services,
revenue is recognized on a net basis.

Variable consideration:

Generally, the Company''s contracts contain
provisions for adjustments to pricing based on
achieving agreed-upon performance metrics,
changes in volumes, services and market
conditions. Revenue relating to these pricing
adjustments is estimated and included in the
consideration if it is probable that a significant
revenue reversal will not occur in the future. The
estimate of variable consideration is determined
either by the expected value or most likely
amount method and factors in current, past
and forecasted experience with the customer.
Customers are billed based on terms specified
in the revenue contract and remit payment
according to approved payment terms.

Unbilled revenue:

such as goods and services tax, etc. Accumulated
experience is used to estimate the provision
for such discounts and rebates. Revenue is only
recognised to the extent that it is highly probable
a significant reversal will not occur.

Contract balances:

a) Contract assets:

A contract asset is the right to consideration
in exchange for goods or services
transferred to the customer. If the Company
performs by transferring goods or services
to a customer before the customer pays
consideration or before payment is due, a
contract asset is recognised for the earned
consideration that is conditional.

b) Contract liabilities:

A contract liability is the obligation
to transfer goods or services to a
customer for which the Company has
received consideration (or an amount of
consideration is due) from the customer. If
a customer pays consideration before the
Company transfers goods or services to the
customer, a contract liability is recognised
when the payment is made or the payment
is due (whichever is earlier). Contract
liabilities are recognised as revenue when
the Company performs under the contract.

C Business combinations

i. Business combinations (other than common
control business combinations)

Any gain on a bargain purchase is recognised in
OCI and accumulated in equity as capital reserve
if there exists clear evidence of the underlying
reasons for classifying the business combination
as resulting in a bargain purchase; otherwise the
gain is recognised directly in equity as capital
reserve. Acquisition related costs are expensed
as incurred.

The consideration transferred does not include
amounts related to the settlement of
pre-existing relationships with the acquiree. Such
amounts are generally recognised in profit or
loss.

Any contingent consideration is measured at fair
value at the date of acquisition. If an obligation
to pay contingent consideration that meets the
definition of a financial instrument is classified as
equity, then it is not remeasured subsequently
and settlement is accounted for within equity.
Other contingent consideration is remeasured at
fair value at each reporting date and changes in
the fair value of the contingent consideration are
recognised in profit or loss.

If share-based payment awards (replacement
awards) are required to be exchanged for awards
held by the acquiree''s employees (acquiree''s
awards), then all or a portion of the amount of
the acquirer''s replacement awards is included
in measuring the consideration transferred in
the business combination. The determination
of the amount to be included in consideration
transferred is based on the market-based
measure of the replacement awards compared
with the market-based measure of the acquiree''s
awards and the extent to which the replacement
awards relate to pre-combination service.

If a business combination is achieved in
stages, any previously held equity interest in
the acquiree is re-measured at its acquisition
date fair value and any resulting gain or
loss is recognised in profit or loss or OCI, as
appropriate.

Goodwill and other intangibles

i. Goodwill

Goodwill is recognised and is measured as
the excess of the sum of the consideration
transferred, the amount of any non-controlling
interest in the acquiree and the fair value of the
Company''s previously held equity shares in the
acquiree, over the net of the consideration date
amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and
the liabilities assumed.

ii. Other intangible assets

On transition to Ind AS (i.e. 1 April 2016), the
Company has elected to continue with the
carrying value of all Intangible Assets measured
as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying
value as the deemed cost of Intangible Assets.

For subsequent measurement, intangible assets
including those acquired by the Company in a
business combination are initially measured at
cost. Such intangible assets are subsequently
measured at cost less accumulated amortisation
and any accumulated impairment losses.

iii. Research and development costs

Research costs are expensed as incurred.
Development expenditures on an individual
project are recognised as an intangible asset
when the company can demonstrate:

- The technical feasibility of completing the
intangible asset so that the asset will be
available for use or sale

- Its intention to complete and its ability and
intention to use or sell the asset

- How the asset will generate future economic
benefits

- The availability of resources to complete the
asset

- The ability to measure reliably the expenditure
during development

Following initial recognition of the development
expenditure as an asset, the asset is carried at
cost less any accumulated amortisation and
accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation
of the asset begins when development is
complete, and the asset is available for use. It
is amortised over the period of expected future
benefit. Amortisation expense is recognised in
the statement of profit and loss unless such
expenditure forms part of carrying value of
another asset. During the period of development,
the asset is tested for impairment annually.

iv. Subsequent expenditure

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if
it is probable that future economic benefits
associated with the item will flow to the entity
and the cost of the item can be measured
reliably.

v Amortisation

Goodwill is not amortised and is tested for
impairment annually, or more frequently when
there is an indication that the unit may be
impaired.

Amortisation is calculated to write off the cost
of intangible assets less their estimated residual
values over their estimated useful lives using
the straight-line method, and is included in
depreciation and amortisation in statement of
profit and loss.

The estimated useful lives of items of intangible
assets for the current and comparative periods
are as follows:

Amortisation method, useful lives and residual

values are reviewed at the end of each financial

year and adjusted if appropriate.

Impairment

i. Impairment of financial instruments

The Company recognises loss allowances for

expected credit losses on:

- financial assets measured at amortised cost;

At each reporting date, the Company
assesses whether financial assets carried
at amortised cost are credit - impaired. A
financial asset is ''credit - impaired'' when
one or more events that have a detrimental
impact on the estimated future cash flows of
the financial asset have occurred.

Evidence that a financial asset is credit-
impaired includes the following observable
data:

- significant financial difficulty of the borrower
or issuer;

- a breach of contract such as a default;

- the restructuring of a loan or advance by the
Company on terms that the Company would
not consider otherwise;

- it is probable that the borrower will enter
bankruptcy or other financial reorganisation;
or

- the disappearance of an active market for a
security because of financial difficulties.

The Company measures loss allowances
using simplified approach, at an amount
equal to lifetime expected credit losses,
except for the following, which are measured
as 12 month expected credit losses:

- debt securities that are determined to have
low credit risk at the reporting date; and

- other debt securities and bank balances
for which credit risk (i.e. the risk of default
occurring over the expected life of the
financial instrument) has not increased
significantly since initial recognition.

Loss allowances for trade receivables are
always measured at an amount equal to
lifetime expected credit losses.

Lifetime expected credit losses are the
expected credit losses that result from all
possible default events over the expected
life of a financial instrument. 12-month
expected credit losses are the portion of
expected credit losses that result from
default events that are possible within
12 months after the reporting date (or a
shorter period if the expected life of the
instrument is less than 12 months). In all
cases, the maximum period considered
when estimating expected credit losses is
the maximum contractual period over which
the Company is exposed to credit risk.

When determining whether the credit risk of
a financial asset has increased significantly
since initial recognition and when estimating
expected credit losses, the Company
considers reasonable and supportable
information that is relevant and available
without undue cost or effort. This includes
both quantitative and qualitative information
and analysis, based on the Company''s
historical experience and informed credit
assessment and including forward- looking
information.

The Company considers a financial asset to
be in default when the borrower is unlikely
to pay its credit obligations to the Company
in full, without recourse by the Company to
actions such as realising security (if any is
held).

Measurement of expected credit losses:

Expected credit losses are a probability-weighted
estimate of credit losses. Credit losses are
measured as the present value of all cash
shortfalls (i.e. the difference between the cash
flows due to the Company in accordance with the
contract and the cash flows that the Company
expects to receive).

Presentation of allowance for expected credit
losses in the balance sheet:

Loss allowances for financial assets measured
at amortised cost are deducted from the gross
carrying amount of the assets.

Write-off:

The gross carrying amount of a financial asset is
written off (either partially or in full) to the extent
that there is no realistic prospect of recovery.

This is generally the case when the Company
determines that the debtor does not have
assets or sources of income that could generate
sufficient cash flows to repay the amounts
subject to the write- off. However, financial
assets that are written off could still be subject
to enforcement activities in order to comply
with the Company''s procedures for recovery of
amounts due.

ii. Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company''s non-financial assets, other than
inventories and deferred tax assets, are reviewed
at each reporting date to determine whether
there is any indication of impairment. If any such
indication exists, then the asset''s recoverable
amount is estimated. Goodwill is tested for
impairment annually.

Impairment exists when the carrying value of
an asset or cash generating unit exceeds its
recoverable amount, which is the higher of its
fair value less costs of disposal and its value
in use. The value in use calculation is based
on a Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) model. The
estimated cash flows are developed based
on internal forecasts and do not include
restructuring activities that the Company is
not yet committed to or significant future
investments that will enhance the asset''s
performance of the CGU being tested. The
recoverable amount is sensitive to the discount
rate used for the DCF model as well as the
expected future cash-inflows and the growth
rate used for extrapolation purposes. These
estimates are most relevant to Goodwill and
Other intangibles with indefinite useful lives
recognised by the Group. The key assumptions
used to determine the recoverable amount for
the different CGUs, are disclosed in Note 15A.

For impairment testing, assets that do not
generate independent cash inflows are grouped
together into cash-generating units (CGUs). Each
CGU represents the smallest group of assets
that generates cash inflows that are largely
independent of the cash inflows of other assets
or CGUs.

Goodwill arising from a business combination
is allocated to CGUs or groups of CGUs that are
expected to benefit from the synergies of the
combination.

The recoverable amount of a CGU (or an
individual asset) is the higher of its value in use
and its fair value less costs to sell. Value in use
is based on the estimated future cash flows,
discounted to their present value using a preÂ¬
tax discount rate that reflects current market
assessments of the time value of money and the
risks specific to the CGU (or the asset).

To estimate cash flow projections beyond periods
covered by the most recent budgets/forecasts,
the Company extrapolates cash flow projections
in the budget using a steady or declining growth
rate for subsequent years, unless an increasing
rate can be justified. In any case, this growth rate
does not exceed the long-term average growth
rate for the products, industries, or country or
countries in which the Company operates, or for
the market in which the asset is used.

The Company''s corporate assets do not generate
independent cash inflows. To determine
impairment of a corporate asset, recoverable
amount is determined for the CGUs to which the

corporate asset belongs.

An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying
amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its estimated
recoverable amount. Impairment losses are
recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Impairment loss recognised in respect of a CGU
is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount
of any goodwill allocated to the CGU, and then to
reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets
of the CGU (or group of CGUs) on a pro rata
basis.

An impairment loss is reversed if there has been
a change in the estimates used to determine the
recoverable amount. Such a reversal is made only
to the extent that the asset''s carrying amount
does not exceed the carrying amount that would
have been determined, net of depreciation or
amortisation, if no impairment loss had been
recognised.

F Employee benefits & Share based payment

arrangements

i. Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefit obligations are
measured on an undiscounted basis and are
expensed as the related service is provided. A
liability is recognised for the amount expected
to be paid e.g., under short-term cash bonus, if
the Company has a present legal or constructive
obligation to pay this amount as a result of
past service provided by the employee, and the
amount of obligation can be estimated reliably.

ii. Share-based payment transactions

are not taken into account when determining the
grant date fair value of awards, but the likelihood
of the conditions being met is assessed as part
of the Company''s best estimate of the number
of equity instruments that will ultimately vest.
Market performance conditions are reflected
within the grant date fair value. Any other
conditions attached to an award, but without an
associated service requirement, are considered
to be non-vesting conditions. Non-vesting
conditions are reflected in the fair value of an
award and lead to an immediate expensing of
an award unless there are also service and/or
performance conditions.

No expense is recognised for awards that do not
ultimately vest because non-market performance
and/or service conditions have not been met.
Where awards include a market or non-vesting
condition, the transactions are treated as vested
irrespective of whether the market or nonÂ¬
vesting condition is satisfied, provided that all
other performance and/or service conditions are
satisfied.

When the terms of an equity-settled award are
modified, the minimum expense recognised
is the grant date fair value of the unmodified
award, provided the original vesting terms of the
award are met. An additional expense, measured
as at the date of modification, is recognised for
any modification that increases the total fair
value of the share-based payment transaction,
or is otherwise beneficial to the employee.

Where an award is cancelled by the entity or by
the counterparty, any remaining element of the
fair value of the award is expensed immediately
through profit or loss.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is
reflected as additional share dilution in the
computation of diluted earnings per share.

iii. Defined contribution plans

are recognised as an employee benefit expense
in statement of profit and loss in the periods
during which the related services are rendered by
employees. Prepaid contributions are recognised
as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a
reduction in future payments is available.

iv. Defined benefit plans

A defined benefit plan is a post-employment
benefit plan other than a defined contribution
plan. The Company''s net obligation in respect
of defined benefit plans is calculated separately
for each plan by estimating the amount of
future benefit that employees have earned in
the current and prior periods, discounting that
amount and deducting the fair value of any plan
assets.

When the calculation results in a potential
asset for the Company, the recognised asset is
limited to the present value of economic benefits
available in the form of any future refunds from
the plan or reductions in future contributions
to the plan (''the asset ceiling''). In order to
calculate the present value of economic benefits,
consideration is given to any minimum funding
requirements.

The calculation of defined benefit obligation
is performed annually by a qualified actuary
using the projected unit credit method. When
the calculation results in a potential asset for
the Company, the recognised asset is limited
to the present value of economic benefits
available in the form of any future refunds from
the plan or reductions in future contributions
to the plan (''the asset ceiling''). In order to
calculate the present value of economic benefits,
consideration is given to any minimum funding
requirements.

Remeasurements of the net defined benefit
liability, which comprise actuarial gains and
losses and the effect of the asset ceiling (if any,
excluding interest), are recognised in OCI. The
Company determines the net interest expense
(income) on the net defined benefit liability for
the period by applying the discount rate used
to measure the defined benefit obligation at
the beginning of the annual period to the then-
net defined benefit liability, taking into account
any changes in the net defined benefit liability
during the period as a result of contributions
and benefit payments. Net interest expense and

other expenses related to defined benefit plans
are recognised in statement of profit and loss.

Past service costs are recognised in profit or loss
on the earlier of:

(i) The date of the plan amendment or
curtailment, and

(ii) The date that the Company recognises related
restructuring costs

The Company recognises gains and losses on the
settlement of a defined benefit plan when the
settlement occurs. The cost of providing benefits
under the defined benefit plan is determined
using the projected unit credit method.

v. Other long-term employee benefits

The Company''s net obligation in respect of
compensated absences is the amount of future
benefit that employees have earned in return
for their service in the current and prior periods;
that benefit is discounted to determine its
present value, and the fair value of any related
assets is deducted. The obligation is measured
on the basis of an annual independent actuarial
valuation using the projected unit credit method.
Remeasurements gains or losses are recognised
in profit or loss in the period in which they arise.

Mar 31, 2025

1 Reporting entity

The Standalone financial statements comprise financial statements of TVS Supply Chain Solutions Limited (formerly known as TVS Logistics Services Limited) (''the Company'')

(CIN L63011TN2004PLC054655) for the year ended March 31, 2025. The Company is a public company domiciled in India and is incorporated on November 16, 2004 under the provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India. The Company''s shares are listed on Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange w.e.f. August 23, 2023. The registered office of the Company is located at 10 Jawahar Road, Chokkikulam, Madurai - 625 002, Tamil Nadu, India.

The Company is engaged in the business of supply chain management services including aftermarket warehouse, in-plant warehouse, global supply chain management services, domestic supply chain management services, material handling services and services relating to installation and commissioning of telecom towers including managed services for telecom networks and associated supply chain management of the logistics activities for telecom service provider and OEMs.

2 Basis of preparation

A Statement of compliance and going concern assessment

These standalone financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) to comply with the requirements prescribed under Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013, (the ''Act'') read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as amended from time to time and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013, (Ind AS compliant Schedule III), as applicable to the standalone financial statements.

The Company has prepared the financial statements on the basis that it will continue to operate as a going concern.

The standalone financial statements were authorised for issue by the Company''s Board of Directors on May 28, 2025.

Details of the Company''s accounting policies are

B Functional and presentation currency

These standalone financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (''), which is also the Company''s functional currency. All amounts have been rounded-off to the nearest Crores, unless otherwise indicated.

C Basis of measurement

The standalone financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the following items:

Items	Measurement basis
Certain financial assets and liabilities (including derivative instruments)	Fair value
Net defined benefit (asset) / liability	Fair value of plan assets less present value of defined benefit obligations

D Use of estimates and judgements

In preparing these standalone financial statements, management has made judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Information about judgements made in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effects on the amounts recognised in the standalone financial statements is included in the following notes.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised prospectively.

(i) Revenue from contracts with customers

Identifying performance obligations and allocation of transaction price:

Terms of the revenue from contract with customers include multiple distinct performance obligations with varying pricing terms including variable consideration which influences both the measurement of revenues and timing of transfer of control. Management exercises judgment to determine the measurement and timing of revenue recognition including evaluation of whether the Group is acting as a principal or an agent including determination of performance obligations, allocation of transaction price to the identified performance obligation and satisfaction of such performance obligation.

(ii) Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets - useful lives:

Property, plant and equipment represent a significant proportion of the asset base of the Company. The charge in respect of periodic depreciation is derived after determining an estimate of an asset''s expected useful life and the expected residual value at the end of its life. The useful lives and residual values of the Company''s assets are determined by the Management at the time the asset is acquired and reviewed periodically, including at the end of each reporting period. The lives are based on historical experience with similar assets.

(iii) Provision for expected credit losses of trade receivables and contract assets:

The Company uses a provision matrix to calculate ECLs for trade receivables and contract assets. The provision rates are based on days past due for groupings of various customers that have similar loss patterns (i.e., by line of business, flow rate, etc.).

(iv) Assets and obligations relating to employee benefits

The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and other post-employment benefits are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in

these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

(v) Impairment of non-financial assets

Impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The value in use calculation is based on a DCF model. The estimated cash flows are developed based on internal forecasts and do not include restructuring activities that the company is not yet committed to or significant future investments that will enhance the asset''s performance of the CGU being tested. The recoverable amount is sensitive to the discount rate used for the DCF model as well as the expected future cash-inflows and the growth rate used for extrapolation purposes. These estimates are most relevant to Goodwill and Other intangibles with indefinite useful lives recognised by the company.

The key assumptions used to determine the recoverable amount for the different CGUs, are disclosed in Note 13A.

(vi) Lease classification, termination and renewal option of leases

The Company determines the lease term as the non-cancellable term of the lease, together with any periods covered by an option to extend the lease if it is reasonably certain to be exercised, or any periods covered by an option to terminate the lease, if it is reasonably certain not to be exercised. The non-cancellable period of a lease is any period during which the lessee cannot terminate the contract. Consequently, any non-cancellable period in effect sets a minimum lease term. This is usually referred as "lock-in" period in the lease contract. Generally, the lease contracts are cancellable once the "lock-in" period is over, and, in most cases, the termination option is mutually available with minimum notice period requirements under the contract.

The Company makes an assessment on the expected lease term on a lease-by-lease basis and thereby assesses whether it is reasonably certain that the Company will continue the lease beyond non-cancellable period and

whether any options to extend or terminate the contract will be exercised. In evaluating the lease term, the Company considers factors such as any significant leasehold improvements undertaken over the lease term, costs relating to the terminating the lease and the importance of the underlying asset to Company''s operations taking in to account the location of the underlying asset and the availability of suitable alternatives.

The lease term in future periods is reassessed to ensure that the lease term reflects the current economic circumstances. After considering current and future economic conditions, the Company has concluded that no material changes are required to lease period relating to the existing lease contracts. Hence, the Company applies judgement in evaluating whether it is reasonably certain whether or not to exercise the option to renew or terminate the lease.

(vii) Assumptions and estimation uncertainties

Information about assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment in the year ended 31 March 2025 is included in the following notes:

â¢ Note 3 (O) (ii) - recognition of deferred tax assets: availability of future taxable profit against which tax losses carried forward can be used

â¢ Note 30 - Measurement of defined benefit obligations: key actuarial assumptions

â¢ Note 37 - Financial instruments - Fair values and risk management

E Measurement of fair values

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company has taken into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date.

A number of the Company''s accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities.

The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

â¢ In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

â¢ In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability

The Company has an established control framework with respect to the measurement of fair values. The Company regularly reviews significant unobservable inputs and valuation adjustments. If third party information, is used to measure fair values, then the Company assesses the evidence obtained from the third parties to support the conclusion that these valuation meet the requirements of Ind AS, including the level in the fair value hierarchy in which the valuations should be classified.

Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows:

- Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

- Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e., as prices) or indirectly (i.e., derived from prices).

- Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs)."

When measuring the fair values of an asset or a liability, the Company uses observable market data as far as possible. If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorised in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement. The Company recognises transfer between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred.

Further information about the assumptions made in measuring fair values is included in the following notes:

- Note 37 - Financial instruments - Fair values and risk management

F Current versus non-current classification

Current and non-current classification are in line with the requirements of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013.

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:

- Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle

- Held primarily for the purpose of trading

- Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period"

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when:

- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading

- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period"

The terms of the liability that could, at the option of the counterparty, result in its settlement by the issue of equity instruments do not affect its classification.

The Company classifies all other liabilities as noncurrent.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The

Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.

G Draft Scheme of Amalgamation

The Board of Directors at its meeting held on February 5, 2024, has accorded its approval to the draft Scheme of Amalgamation which provides for the merger of TVS SCS Global Freight Solutions Limited, White Data Systems Private Limited, SPC International (India) Private Limited and FLEXOL Packaging (India) Limited which are wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company, and Mahogany Logistics Services Private Limited (formerly known as ''DRSR Logistics Services Private Limited'') with and into TVS Supply Chain Solutions Limited.

BSE and NSE have, vide their letters dated January 1, 2025 and February 28, 2025, respectively, conveyed "no adverse observations / no-objection" to the Scheme. The Scheme would be subject to the sanction and approval of the National Company Law Tribunal and shareholders.

The application for merger of TVS SCS Global Freight Solutions Limited, White Data Systems Private Limited, FLEXOL Packaging (India) Limited and Mahogany Logistics Services Private Limited (formerly known as ''DRSR Logistics Services Private Limited'') with and into TVS Supply Chain Solutions Limited was filed with National Company Law Tribunal, Chennai and the application for merger of SPC International (India) Private Limited with and into TVS Supply Chain Solutions Limited was filed with National Company Law Tribunal, Bangalore on March 31, 2025.

The Scheme when approved by all the regulatory authorities and relevant stakeholders will be accounted for in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards ("Ind AS").

3 Material accounting polices

A Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

i. Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

All financial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost and fair value through profit or loss. All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset''s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Company''s business model for managing them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Company has applied the practical expedient, the Company initially measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Company has applied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under Ind AS 115. Refer to the accounting policies in section (B) Revenue from contracts with customers.

In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost, it needs to give rise to cash flows that are ''solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI)'' on the principal amount outstanding. This assessment is referred to as the SPPI test and is performed at an instrument level. Financial assets with cash flows that are not SPPI are classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model.

The Company''s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages

its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business model determines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows. Financial assets classified and measured at amortised cost are held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.

ii. Classification and subsequent measurement

A. Financial assets

On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at:

- amortised cost;

-FVTPL

Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.

A financial asset is measured at amortised cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

- the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and

- the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

All financial assets not measured at amortised cost as described above are measured at FVTPL. This includes all derivative financial assets. On initial recognition, the Company may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortised cost as at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.

Financial assets: Subsequent measurement and gains and losses

Financial assets at FVTPL

These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Net gains and losses, including any interest or dividend income, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Financial assets at amortised cost

These assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

The amortised cost is reduced by impairment losses. Interest income, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognised in statement of profit and loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is recognised in statement of profit or loss.

Financial liabilities: Classification, subsequent measurement and gains and losses

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortised cost or FV TPL. A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held- for- trading, or it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognised in statement of profit and loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognised in profit or loss.

Compulsorily Convertible preference shares are separated into liability and equity components based on the terms of the contract. On issuance of the convertible preference shares, the fair value of the liability component is determined using a market rate for an equivalent non-convertible instrument. This amount is classified as a financial liability measured at amortised cost (net of transaction costs) until it is extinguished on conversion or redemption. The remainder of the proceeds are allocated to the conversion option that is recognised and included in equity if the conversion option meets Ind AS 32 criteria for fixed to fixed classification and as liability if the conversion option does

not meet Ind AS 32 criteria for fixed to fixed classification. Transaction costs are deducted from equity, net of associated income tax. The carrying amount of the conversion option are remeasured on every reporting period and the difference is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

If the day 1 profit or loss is not evidenced by a quoted price in an active market for an identical asset or liability (i.e. Level 1 input) nor based on a valuation technique that uses only data from observable markets, then the entity does not recognise a gain or loss on initial recognition.

iii. Derecognition Financial assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognised on its balance sheet, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognised.

Financial liabilities

The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire.

The Company also derecognises a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognised at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in profit or loss.

iv. Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the balance sheet when, and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

B Revenue

i. Rendering of services

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of the services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those services. Such revenue is recognised upon the Company''s performance of its contractual obligations and on satisfying all the following conditions:

(1) Parties to the contract have approved the contract and undertaken to perform their respective obligations;

(2) Such contract has specified the respective rights and obligations of the parties in connection with the transfer of goods or rendering of services (hereinafter the "Transfer");

(3) Such contract contains specific payment terms in relation to the Transfer;

(4) Such contract has a commercial nature, namely, it will change the risk, time distribution or amount of the Company''s future cash flow;

(5) The Company is likely to recover the consideration it is entitled to for the Transfer to customers.

Revenue is recognised when no significant uncertainty exists regarding the collection of the consideration. The amount recognised as revenue is exclusive of all indirect taxes and net of returns and discounts.

Performance Obligations:

a) Supply chain management

The Company''s supply chain management segment generates revenue from services to its customers such as providing freight and other transportation services, warehousing, packaging, kitting, reverse logistics and inventory management contracts ranging from a few months to a few years. Certain accessorial services may be provided to customers under their transportation contracts, such as unloading and other incidental services. The Company''s performance obligations are satisfied over time as customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefits of the Company''s services. The contracts contain a single performance obligation, as the distinct services provided remain substantially the same over time and possess the same pattern of transfer. The transaction price is based on the consideration specified in the contract with the customer and contains fixed and variable consideration. In general, the fixed component of a contract represents amounts for facility and equipment costs incurred to satisfy the performance obligation and is recognized over the term of the contract.

In the case of transportation services, performance obligation is created when a customer under a transportation contract submits a shipment note for the transport of goods from origin to destination. These performance obligations are satisfied over the period as the shipments move from origin to destination and revenue is recognized proportionally as a shipment moves and the related costs are recognized as incurred. Performance obligations are short-term, with transit days less than one week. Generally, customers are billed either upon shipment of the freight or on a monthly basis, and remit payment according to approved payment terms. The Company recognizes revenue on a net basis when the Company does not control the specific services.

b) Telecommunication:

Telecommunication contract revenue arises from construction/ erection of towers for some of the Company''s customers in the Telecommunications segment. These towers are constructed based on specifically negotiated contracts with customers by outsourcing the activities to sub-contractors. Transaction price includes the initial amount agreed in the contract plus any variations in contract work, claims and incentive payments, to the extent that it is probable that they will result in revenue and can be measured reliably. If the outcome of a contract can be estimated reliably, contract revenue is recognised in profit or loss over the period in proportion to the stage of completion of the contract. The stage of completion is assessed by reference to surveys of work performed (output method). Otherwise, contract revenue is recognised only to the extent of contract costs incurred that are likely to be recoverable. Contract costs are recognised as expenses as incurred unless they create an asset related to future contract activity.

An expected loss on a contract is recognised immediately in profit or loss.

Variable consideration:

Generally, the Company''s contracts contain provisions for adjustments to pricing based on achieving agreed-upon performance metrics, changes in volumes, services and market conditions. Revenue relating to these pricing adjustments is estimated and included in the consideration if it is probable that a significant revenue reversal will not occur in the future. The estimate of variable consideration is determined either by the expected value or most likely amount method and factors in current, past and forecasted experience with the customer. Customers are billed based on terms specified in the revenue contract and remit payment according to approved payment terms.

Unbilled revenue:

volume rebates and any taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government such as goods and services tax, etc. Accumulated experience is used to estimate the provision for such discounts and rebates. Revenue is only recognised to the extent that it is highly probable a significant reversal will not occur.

Contract balances:

a) Contract assets:

A contract asset is the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer. If the Company performs by transferring goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, a contract asset is recognised for the earned consideration that is conditional.

b) Contract liabilities:

A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Company has received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer. If a customer pays consideration before the Company transfers goods or services to the customer, a contract liability is recognised when the payment is made or the payment is due (whichever is earlier). Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the Company performs under the contract.

C Business combinations

i. Business combinations (other than

common control business combinations)

on a bargain purchase is recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity as capital reserve if there exists clear evidence of the underlying reasons for classifying the business combination as resulting in a bargain purchase; otherwise the gain is recognised directly in equity as capital reserve.

Acquisition related costs are expensed as incurred.

The consideration transferred does not include amounts related to the settlement of pre-existing relationships with the acquiree. Such amounts are generally recognised in profit or loss.

Any contingent consideration is measured at fair value at the date of acquisition. If an obligation to pay contingent consideration that meets the definition of a financial instrument is classified as equity, then it is not remeasured subsequently and settlement is accounted for within equity. Other contingent consideration is remeasured at fair value at each reporting date and changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration are recognised in profit or loss.

If share-based payment awards (replacement awards) are required to be exchanged for awards held by the acquiree''s employees (acquiree''s awards), then all or a portion of the amount of the acquirer''s replacement awards is included in measuring the consideration transferred in the business combination. The determination of the amount to be included in consideration transferred is based on the market-based measure of the replacement awards compared with the market-based measure of the acquiree''s awards and the extent to which the replacement awards relate to pre-combination service.

If a business combination is achieved in stages, any previously held equity interest in the acquiree is re-measured at its acquisition date fair value and any resulting gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss or OCI, as appropriate.

D Goodwill and other intangibles

i. Goodwill

Goodwill is recognised and is measured as the excess of the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree and the fair value of the Company''s previously held equity shares in the acquiree, over the net of the consideration date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed.

ii. Other intangible assets

On transition to Ind AS (i.e. 1 April 2016), the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all Intangible Assets measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of Intangible Assets.

For subsequent measurement, intangible assets including those acquired by the Company in a business combination are initially measured at cost. Such intangible assets are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.

iii. Research and development costs

Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditures on an individual project are recognised as an intangible asset when the company can demonstrate:

- The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that the asset will be available for use or sale

- Its intention to complete and its ability and intention to use or sell the asset

- How the asset will generate future economic benefits

- The availability of resources to complete the asset

- The ability to measure reliably the expenditure during development

when development is complete, and the asset is available for use. It is amortised over the period of expected future benefit. Amortisation expense is recognised in the statement of profit and loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset. During the period of development, the asset is tested for impairment annually.

iv. Subsequent expenditure

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

v. Amortisation

Goodwill is not amortised and is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when there is an indication that the unit may be impaired.

Amortisation is calculated to write off the cost of intangible assets less their estimated residual values over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method, and is included in depreciation and amortisation in statement of profit and loss.

The estimated useful lives of items of intangible assets for the current and comparative periods are as follows:

Asset	Management estimate of
Asset	useful life (in years)
Brand	05
Customer relationship	07
Computer software	03-10

Amortisation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each financial year and adjusted if appropriate.

E Impairment

i. Impairment of financial instruments

The Company recognises loss allowances for expected credit losses on:

- financial assets measured at amortised cost;

At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether financial assets carried at amortised cost are credit - impaired. A financial asset is ''credit - impaired'' when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have occurred.

Evidence that a financial asset is credit- impaired includes the following observable data:

- significant financial difficulty of the borrower or issuer;

- a breach of contract such as a default;

- the restructuring of a loan or advance by the Company on terms that the Company would not consider otherwise;

- it is probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganisation; or

- the disappearance of an active market for a security because of financial difficulties.

The Company measures loss allowances using simplified approach, at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses, except for the following, which are measured as 12 month expected credit losses:

- debt securities that are determined to have low credit risk at the reporting date; and

- other debt securities and bank balances for which credit risk (i.e. the risk of default occurring over the expected life of the financial instrument) has not increased significantly since initial recognition.

Loss allowances for trade receivables are always measured at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses.

Lifetime expected credit losses are the expected credit losses that result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. 12-month expected credit losses are the portion of expected credit losses that result from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date (or a shorter period if the expected life of the instrument is less than 12 months). In all cases, the maximum

period considered when estimating expected credit losses is the maximum contractual period over which the Company is exposed to credit risk.

When determining whether the credit risk of a financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition and when estimating expected credit losses, the Company considers reasonable and supportable information that is relevant and available without undue cost or effort. This includes both quantitative and qualitative information and analysis, based on the Company''s historical experience and informed credit assessment and including forwardlooking information.

The Company considers a financial asset to be in default when the borrower is unlikely to pay its credit obligations to the Company in full, without recourse by the Company to actions such as realising security (if any is held).

Measurement of expected credit losses:

Expected credit losses are a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses. Credit losses are measured as the present value of all cash shortfalls (i.e. the difference between the cash flows due to the Company in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the Company expects to receive).

Presentation of allowance for expected credit losses in the balance sheet:

Loss allowances for financial assets measured at amortised cost are deducted from the gross carrying amount of the assets.

Write-off:

The gross carrying amount of a financial asset is written off (either partially or in full) to the extent that there is no realistic prospect of recovery. This is generally the case when the Company determines that the debtor does not have assets or sources of income that could generate sufficient cash flows to repay the amounts subject to the write- off. However, financial assets that are written off could still be subject to enforcement activities

in order to comply with the Company''s procedures for recovery of amounts due.

ii. Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company''s non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset''s recoverable amount is estimated. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually.

Impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The value in use calculation is based on a Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) model. The estimated cash flows are developed based on internal forecasts and do not include restructuring activities that the Company is not yet committed to or significant future investments that will enhance the asset''s performance of the CGU being tested. The recoverable amount is sensitive to the discount rate used for the DCF model as well as the expected future cash-inflows and the growth rate used for extrapolation purposes. These estimates are most relevant to Goodwill and Other intangibles with indefinite useful lives recognised by the Group. The key assumptions used to determine the recoverable amount for the different CGUs, are disclosed in Note 13A.

For impairment testing, assets that do not generate independent cash inflows are grouped together into cash-generating units (CGUs). Each CGU represents the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs.

Goodwill arising from a business combination is allocated to CGUs or groups of CGUs that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination.

a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the CGU (or the asset).

To estimate cash flow projections beyond periods covered by the most recent budgets/ forecasts, the Company extrapolates cash flow projections in the budget using a steady or declining growth rate for subsequent years, unless an increasing rate can be justified. In any case, this growth rate does not exceed the long-term average growth rate for the products, industries, or country or countries in which the Company operates, or for the market in which the asset is used.

The Company''s corporate assets do not generate independent cash inflows. To determine impairment of a corporate asset, recoverable amount is determined for the CGUs to which the corporate asset belongs.

An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. Impairment loss recognised in respect of a CGU is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU, and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets of the CGU (or group of CGUs) on a pro rata basis.

amount. Such a reversal is made only to the extent that the asset''s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

F Employee benefits & Share based payment

arrangements

i. Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid e.g., under short-term cash bonus, if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee, and the amount of obligation can be estimated reliably.

ii. Share-based payment transactions

The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model. The grant-date fair value of equity-settled share-based payment awards granted to employees is generally recognised as an employee benefit expense, with a corresponding increase in equity under share based payment reserve, over the period that the employees unconditionally become entitled to the awards. Service and nonmarket performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date fair value of awards, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of the Company''s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. Market performance conditions are reflected within the grant date fair value. Any other conditions attached to an award, but without an associated service requirement, are considered to be non-vesting conditions. Nonvesting conditions are reflected in the fair value of an award and lead to an immediate expensing of an award unless there are also service and/or performance conditions.

No expense is recognised for awards that do not ultimately vest because non-market

performance and/or service conditions have not been met. Where awards include a market or non-vesting condition, the transactions are treated as vested irrespective of whether the market or non-vesting condition is satisfied, provided that all other performance and/or service conditions are satisfied.

When the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, the minimum expense recognised is the grant date fair value of the unmodified award, provided the original vesting terms of the award are met. An additional expense, measured as at the date of modification, is recognised for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payment transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee. Where an award is cancelled by the entity or by the counterparty, any remaining element of the fair value of the award is expensed immediately through profit or loss.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

iii. Defined contribution plans

A defined contribution plan is a postemployment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions into a separate entity and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. The Company makes specified monthly contributions towards Government administered provident fund scheme, Employees State Insurance Scheme and an superannuation fund to Life Insurance Corporation (LIC). Obligations for contributions to defined contribution plans are recognised as an employee benefit expense in statement of profit and loss in the periods during which the related services are rendered by employees. Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in future payments is available.

iv. Defined benefit plans

A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. The Company''s net obligation in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated separately for each plan by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in the current and prior periods, discounting that amount and deducting the fair value of any plan assets.

In order to calculate the present value of economic benefits, consideration is given to any minimum funding requirements.

The calculation of defined benefit obligation is performed annually by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method.

In order to calculate the present value of economic benefits, consideration is given to any minimum funding requirements.

Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability, which comprise actuarial gains and losses and the effect of the asset ceiling (if any, excluding interest), are recognised in OCI. The Company determines the net interest expense (income) on the net defined benefit liability for the period by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation at the beginning of the annual period to the then-net defined benefit liability, taking into account any changes in the net defined benefit liability during the period as a result of contributions and benefit payments. Net interest expense and other

expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognised in statement of profit and loss.

Past service costs are recognised in profit or loss on the earlier of:

(i) The date of the plan amendment or curtailment, and

(ii) The date that the Company recognises related restructuring costs

The Company recognises gains and losses on the settlement of a defined benefit plan when the settlement occurs. The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit plan is determined using the projected unit credit method.

v. Other long-term employee benefits

The obligation is measured on the basis of an annual independent actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method. Remeasurements gains or losses are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they arise.

G Provisions (other than for employee benefits)

A provision is recognised if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows (representing the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the balance sheet date) at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The unwinding of the discount is recognised as finance cost. Expected future operating losses are not provided for.

i. Onerous contracts

A contract is considered to be onerous when the expected economic benefits to be derived by the Company from the contract are lower than the unavoidable cost of meeting its obligations under the contract. The provision for an onerous contract is measured at the present value of the lower of the expected cost of terminating the contract and the expected net cost of continuing with the contract. Before such a provision is made, the Company recognises any impairment loss on the assets associated with that contract.

H Leases

Company as a Lessor:

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset is classified as operating leases. Rental income arising is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised over the lease term on the same basis as rental income. Contingent rents are recognised as revenue in the period in which they are earned.

Leases are classified as finance leases when substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership transfer from the Company to the lessee. Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recorded as receivables at the Company''s net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.

Company as lessee

The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. The Company

In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments (e.g., changes to future payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine such lease payments) or a change in the assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset.

(iii) Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets

The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases (i.e., those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option).

It also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leases that are considered to be low value. Lease payments on short-term leases and leases of low-value assets are recognised as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

I Contingent liabilities

Contingent liability is disclosed for all:

â¢ possible obligation that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company (or)

â¢ present obligations arising from past events where it is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation or a sufficiently reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made.

recognises lease liabilities to make lease payments

and right-of-use assets representing the right to

Mar 31, 2024

1 Reporting entity

The Standalone financial statements comprise financial statements of TVS Supply Chain Solutions Limited (formerly known as TVS Logistics Services Limited) (''the Company'')

(CIN L63011TN2004PLC054655) for the year ended March 31, 2024. The Company is a public company domiciled in India and is incorporated on November 16, 2004 under the provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India. The Company''s shares are listed on Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange w.e.f. August 23, 2023. The registered office of the Company is located at 10 Jawahar Road, Chokkikulam, Madurai - 625 002, Tamil Nadu, India.

2 Basis of preparation

A Statement of compliance and going concern assessment

The Company has prepared the financial statements on the basis that it will continue to operate as a going concern.

The standalone financial statements were authorised for issue by the Company''s Board of Directors on May 27, 2024.

Details of the Company''s accounting policies are included in Note 3.

B Functional and presentation currency

C Basis of measurement

The standalone financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the following items:

Items	Measurement basis
Certain financial assets and liabilities (including derivative instruments)	Fair value
Net defined benefit (asset) / liability	Fair value of plan assets less present value of defined benefit obligations

D Use of estimates and judgements

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised prospectively.

(i) Revenue from contracts with customers

Identifying performance obligations and allocation of transaction price:

obligations, allocation of transaction price to the identified performance obligation and satisfaction of such performance obligation.

(ii) Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets - useful lives:

(iii) Provision for expected credit losses of trade receivables and contract assets:

The Company determines the allowance for credit losses based on historical loss experience adjusted to reflect current and estimated future economic conditions. The Company considered current and anticipated future economic conditions relating to industries the Company deals with and the countries where it operates. In calculating expected credit loss, the Company has also considered external credit information for its customers to estimate the probability of default in future, where ever necessary.

(iv) Assets and obligations relating to employee benefits

The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and other post-employment benefits and the present value of the gratuity obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate; future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

(v) Impairment of non-financial assets

Impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The value in use calculation is based on a DCF model. The estimated cash flows are developed based on internal forecasts and do not include restructuring activities that the Group is not yet committed to or significant future investments that will enhance the asset''s performance of the CGU being tested. The recoverable amount is sensitive to the discount rate used for the DCF model as well as the expected future cash-inflows and the growth rate used for extrapolation purposes. These estimates are most relevant to Goodwill and Other intangibles with indefinite useful lives recognised by the Group. The key assumptions used to determine the recoverable amount for the different CGUs, are disclosed in Note 13A.

(vi) Lease classification, termination and renewal option of leases

The Company makes an assessment on the expected lease term on a lease-by-lease basis

and thereby assesses whether it is reasonably certain that the Company will continue the lease beyond non-cancellable period and whether any options to extend or terminate the contract will be exercised. In evaluating the lease term, the Company considers factors such as any significant leasehold improvements undertaken over the lease term, costs relating to the terminating the lease and the importance of the underlying asset to Company''s operations taking in to account the location of the underlying asset and the availability of suitable alternatives.

Refer to Note 31 for information on potential future rental payments relating to periods following the exercise date of extension and termination options that are not included in the lease term.

(vii) Assumptions and estimation uncertainties

Information about assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment in the year ended March 31, 2024 is included in the following notes:

â¢ Note 3 (O) (ii) & 11 - recognition of deferred tax assets: availability of future taxable profit against which tax losses carried forward can be used

â¢ Note 30 - Measurement of defined benefit obligations: key actuarial assumptions

â¢ Note 37 - Financial instruments - Fair values and risk management

E Measurement of fair values

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants

at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company has taken into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date.

A number of the Company''s accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities.

The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

â¢ In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

â¢ In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability

Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows:

â¢ Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

â¢ Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e., as prices) or indirectly (i.e., derived from prices).

â¢ Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

categorised in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement. The Company recognises transfer between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred.

Further information about the assumptions made in measuring fair values is included in the following notes:

â¢ Note 37 - Financial instruments - Fair values and risk management

F Current versus non-current classification

Current and non-current classification are in line with the requirements of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013.

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:

â¢ Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle

â¢ Held primarily for the purpose of trading

â¢ Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or

â¢ Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when:

â¢ It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

â¢ It is held primarily for the purpose of trading

â¢ It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

â¢ There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

The terms of the liability that could, at the option of the counterparty, result in its settlement by the issue of equity instruments do not affect its classification.

The Company classifies all other liabilities as noncurrent.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.

G Draft Scheme of Amalgamation

The Scheme would be subject to the sanction and approval of the National Company Law Tribunal, the relevant stock exchanges and shareholders. The Scheme when approved by all the regulatory authorities and relevant stakeholders will be accounted for in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards ("Ind AS").

3 Material accounting polices

A Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

i. Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

All financial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost and fair value through profit or loss. All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset''s

contractual cash flow characteristics and the Company''s business model for managing them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Company has applied the practical expedient, the Company initially measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Company has applied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under Ind AS 115. Refer to the accounting policies in section (B) Revenue from contracts with customers.

The Company''s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business model determines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows. Financial assets classified and measured at amortised cost are held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.

ii. Classification and subsequent measurement

A. Financial assets

On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at:

â¢ amortised cost;

â¢ FVTPL

Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition, except

if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.

A financial asset is measured at amortised cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

â¢ the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and

â¢ the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

All financial assets not measured at amortised cost as described above are measured at FVTPL. This includes all derivative financial assets. On initial recognition, the Company may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortised cost as at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.

Financial assets: Subsequent measurement and gains and losses

Financial assets at FVTPL

These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Net gains and losses, including any interest or dividend income, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Financial assets at amortised cost

These assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Financial liabilities: Classification, subsequent measurement and gains and losses

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortised cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held- for- trading, or it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognised in statement of profit and loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognised in profit or loss.

iii. Derecognition Financial assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains

substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognised on its balance sheet, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognised.

Financial liabilities

The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire.

The Company also derecognises a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognised at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in profit or loss.

iv. Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the balance sheet when, and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

B Revenue

i. Rendering of services

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of the services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those services. Such revenue is recognised upon the Company''s performance of its contractual obligations and on satisfying all the following conditions:

(1) Parties to the contract have approved the contract and undertaken to perform their respective obligations;

(2) Such contract has specified the respective rights and obligations of the parties in connection with the transfer of goods or rendering of services (hereinafter the "Transfer");

(3) Such contract contains specific payment terms in relation to the Transfer;

(4) Such contract has a commercial nature, namely, it will change the risk, time distribution or amount of the Company''s future cash flow;

(5) The Company is likely to recover the consideration it is entitled to for the Transfer to customers.

Revenue is recognised when no significant uncertainty exists regarding the collection of the consideration. The amount recognised as revenue is exclusive of all indirect taxes and net of returns and discounts.

Performance Obligations:

a) Supply chain management

In the case of transportation services, performance obligation is created when a customer under a transportation contract submits a shipment note for the transport of goods from origin to destination. These performance obligations are satisfied over the period as the shipments move from origin to destination and revenue is recognised proportionally as a shipment moves and the related costs are recognised as incurred. Performance obligations are short-term, with transit days less than one week. Generally, customers are billed either upon shipment of the freight or on a monthly basis, and remit payment according to approved payment terms. The Company recognises revenue on a net basis when the Company does not control the specific services.

b) Telecommunication:

An expected loss on a contract is recognised immediately in profit or loss.

c) Sale of goods

Revenue from sale of traded goods is recognised when the control of the same is transferred to the customer, generally on

delivery of the goods and it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration to which it is entitled for the exchanged goods.

Variable consideration:

Generally, the Company''s contracts contain provisions for adjustments to pricing based on achieving agreed-upon performance metrics, changes in volumes, services and market conditions. Revenue relating to these pricing adjustments is estimated and included in the consideration if it is probable that a significant revenue reversal will not occur in the future. The estimate of variable consideration is determined either by the expected value or most likely amount method and factors in current, past and forecasted experience with the customer. Customers are billed based on terms specified in the revenue contract and remit payment according to approved payment terms.

Unbilled revenue:

Unbilled revenue represents value of services under performance / performed in accordance with the contract terms but not billed. Revenue is measured at fair value of the consideration received or receivable, after deduction of any trade discounts, volume rebates and any taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government such as goods and services tax, etc. Accumulated experience is used to estimate the provision for such discounts and rebates. Revenue is only recognised to the extent that it is highly probable a significant reversal will not occur.

Contract balances:

a) Contract assets:

A contract asset is the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer. If the Company performs by transferring goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, a contract asset is recognised for the earned consideration that is conditional.

b) Contract liabilities:

A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Company has received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer. If a customer pays consideration before the Company transfers goods or services to the customer, a contract liability is recognised when the payment is made or the payment is due (whichever is earlier). Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the Company performs under the contract.

C Business combinations

i. Business combinations (other than

common control business combinations)

In accordance with Ind AS 103, the Company accounts for these business combinations using the acquisition method when control is transferred to the Company. The consideration transferred for the business combination is generally measured at fair value as at the date the control is acquired (acquisition date), as are the net identifiable assets acquired. Any goodwill that arises is tested annually for impairment. Any gain on a bargain purchase is recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity as capital reserve if there exists clear evidence of the underlying reasons for classifying the business combination as resulting in a bargain purchase; otherwise the gain is recognised directly in equity as capital reserve. Acquisition related costs are expensed as incurred.

The consideration transferred does not include amounts related to the settlement of pre-existing relationships with the acquiree. Such amounts are generally recognised in profit or loss.

Amortisation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each financial year and adjusted if appropriate.

E Impairment

i. Impairment of financial instruments

The Company recognises loss allowances for expected credit losses on:

â¢ financial assets measured at amortised cost;

At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether financial assets carried at amortised cost are credit - impaired. A financial asset is ''credit - impaired'' when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have occurred.

Evidence that a financial asset is credit- impaired includes the following observable data:

â¢ significant financial difficulty of the borrower or issuer;

â¢ a breach of contract such as a default;

â¢ the restructuring of a loan or advance by the Company on terms that the Company would not consider otherwise;

â¢ it is probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganisation; or

â¢ the disappearance of an active market for a security because of financial difficulties.

accounted for within equity. Other contingent consideration is remeasured at fair value at each reporting date and changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration are recognised in profit or loss.

If share-based payment awards (replacement awards) are required to be exchanged for awards held by the acquiree''s employees (acquiree''s awards), then all or a portion of the amount of the acquirer''s replacement awards is included in measuring the consideration transferred in the business combination. The determination of the amount to be included in consideration transferred is based on the market-based measure of the replacement awards compared with the market-based measure of the acquiree''s awards and the extent to which the replacement awards relate to pre-combination service.

If a business combination is achieved in stages, any previously held equity interest in the acquiree is re-measured at its acquisition date fair value and any resulting gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss or OCI, as appropriate.

D Goodwill and other intangibles

i. Goodwill

ii. Other intangible assets

On transition to Ind AS (i.e. April 1, 2016), the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all Intangible Assets measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of Intangible Assets.

For subsequent measurement, intangible assets including those acquired by the Company in a business combination are initially measured at cost. Such intangible assets are subsequently measured at cost

less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.

iii. Research and development costs

Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditures on an individual project are recognised as an intangible asset when the company can demonstrate:

â¢ The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that the asset will be available for use or sale

â¢ Its intention to complete and its ability and intention to use or sell the asset

â¢ How the asset will generate future economic benefits

â¢ The availability of resources to complete the asset

â¢ The ability to measure reliably the expenditure during development

Following initial recognition of the development expenditure as an asset, the asset is carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation of the asset begins when development is complete, and the asset is available for use. It is amortised over the period of expected future benefit. Amortisation expense is recognised in the statement of profit and loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset. During the period of development, the asset is tested for impairment annually.

iv. Subsequent expenditure

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

v. Amortisation

Goodwill is not amortised and is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when there is an indication that the unit may be impaired.

Amortisation is calculated to write off the cost of intangible assets less their estimated

residual values over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method, and is included in depreciation and amortisation in statement of profit and loss.

The estimated useful lives of items of intangible assets for the current and comparative periods are as follows:

Asset	Management estimate of
Asset	useful life (in years)
Brand	05
Customer relationship	07
Computer software	03-10

The Company measures loss allowances using simplified approach, at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses, except for the following, which are measured as 12 month expected credit losses:

â¢ debt securities that are determined to have low credit risk at the reporting date; and

â¢ other debt securities and bank balances for which credit risk (i.e. the risk of default occurring over the expected life of the financial instrument) has not increased significantly since initial recognition.

Loss allowances for trade receivables are always measured at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses.

Lifetime expected credit losses are the expected credit losses that result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. 12-month expected credit losses are the portion of expected credit losses that result from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date (or a shorter period if the expected life of the instrument is less than 12 months). In all cases, the maximum period considered when estimating expected credit losses is the maximum contractual period over which the Company is exposed to credit risk.

When determining whether the credit risk of a financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition and when estimating expected credit losses, the Company considers reasonable and supportable information that is relevant and available without undue cost or effort. This includes both quantitative and qualitative information and analysis, based on the Company''s historical experience and informed credit assessment and including forwardlooking information.

The Company considers a financial asset to be in default when the borrower is unlikely to pay its credit obligations to the Company in full, without recourse by the Company to actions such as realising security (if any is held).

Measurement of expected credit losses:

Expected credit losses are a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses. Credit losses are measured as the present value of all cash shortfalls (i.e. the difference between the cash flows due to the Company in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the Company expects to receive).

Presentation of allowance for expected credit losses in the balance sheet:

Loss allowances for financial assets measured at amortised cost are deducted from the gross carrying amount of the assets.

Write-off:

ii. Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company''s non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset''s recoverable amount is estimated. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually.

recoverable amount is sensitive to the discount rate used for the DCF model as well as the expected future cash-inflows and the growth rate used for extrapolation purposes. These estimates are most relevant to Goodwill and Other intangibles with indefinite useful lives recognised by the Group. The key assumptions used to determine the recoverable amount for the different CGUs, are disclosed in Note 13A.

For impairment testing, assets that do not generate independent cash inflows are grouped together into cash-generating units (CGUs). Each CGU represents the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs.

Goodwill arising from a business combination is allocated to CGUs or groups of CGUs that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination.

The recoverable amount of a CGU (or an individual asset) is the higher of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. Value in use is based on the estimated future cash flows, discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the CGU (or the asset).

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover a period of five years. For longer periods, a long-term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year. To estimate cash flow projections beyond periods covered by the most recent budgets/ forecasts, the Company extrapolates cash flow projections in the budget using a steady or declining growth rate for subsequent years, unless an increasing rate can be justified. In any case, this growth rate does not exceed the long-term average growth rate for the products, industries, or country or countries

in which the Company operates, or for the market in which the asset is used.

An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. Impairment loss recognised in respect of a CGU is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU, and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets of the CGU (or group of CGUs) on a pro rata basis.

An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not subsequently reversed. In respect of other assets for which impairment loss has been recognised in prior periods, the Company reviews at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. Such a reversal is made only to the extent that the asset''s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

F Employee benefits & Share based payment

arrangements

i. Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid e.g., under short-term cash bonus, if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee, and the amount of obligation can be estimated reliably.

ii. Share-based payment transactions

No expense is recognised for awards that do not ultimately vest because non-market performance and/or service conditions have not been met. Where awards include a market or non-vesting condition, the transactions are treated as vested irrespective of whether the market or non-vesting condition is satisfied, provided that all other performance and/or service conditions are satisfied.

When the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, the minimum expense recognised is the grant date fair value of the unmodified award, provided the original vesting terms of the award are met. An additional expense, measured as at the date of modification, is recognised for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payment transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee. Where an award is cancelled by the entity or by the counterparty, any remaining element of the fair value of the award is expensed immediately through profit or loss.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

iii. Defined contribution plans

iv. Defined benefit plans

A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. The Company''s net obligation in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated separately for each plan by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in the current and prior periods, discounting that amount and deducting the fair value of any plan assets.

In order to calculate the present value of economic benefits, consideration is given to any minimum funding requirements.

The calculation of defined benefit obligation is performed annually by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method.

When the calculation results in a potential asset for the Company, the recognised asset is limited to the present value of economic

benefits available in the form of any future refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan (''the asset ceiling'').

In order to calculate the present value of economic benefits, consideration is given to any minimum funding requirements.

Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability, which comprise actuarial gains and losses and the effect of the asset ceiling (if any, excluding interest), are recognised in OCI. The Company determines the net interest expense (income) on the net defined benefit liability for the period by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation at the beginning of the annual period to the then-net defined benefit liability, taking into account any changes in the net defined benefit liability during the period as a result of contributions and benefit payments. Net interest expense and other expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognised in statement of profit and loss.

Past service costs are recognised in profit or loss on the earlier of:

(i) The date of the plan amendment or curtailment, and

(ii) The date that the Company recognises related restructuring costs

The Company recognises gains and losses on the settlement of a defined benefit plan when the settlement occurs. The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit plan is determined using the projected unit credit method.

v. Other long-term employee benefits

G Provisions (other than for employee benefits)

i. Onerous contracts

H Leases

Company as a Lessor:

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset is classified as operating leases. Rental income arising is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease terms. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised over the lease term on the same basis as rental income. Contingent rents are recognised as revenue in the period in which they are earned.

so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.

Company as lessee

(i) Right-of-use assets

The Company recognises right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the date the underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognised, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the assets.

If ownership of the leased asset transfers to the Company at the end of the lease term or the cost reflects the exercise of a purchase option, depreciation is calculated using the estimated useful life of the asset. The right-of-use assets are subject to impairment.

(ii) Lease liabilities

At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term.

The lease payments include fixed payments (including in substance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees. The lease

payments also include the exercise price of a purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised by the Company and payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Company exercising the option to terminate. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognised as expenses (unl

Mar 31, 2023

1 Reporting entity

TVS Supply Chain Solutions Limited (formerly known as TVS Logistics Services Limited) (''the Company¹) was incorporated oil 16 November 2004 and is in the business of providing supply chain solution services. The Company has been providing the entire basket of supply chain management services including aftermarket warehouse, in-plant warehouse, global supply chain management services, domestic supply chain management services, material handling services and services relating to installation and commissioning of telecom towers including managed services for telecom networks and associated supply chain management of the logistics activities for telecom service providers and OEMs. On April 26, 2023, the Company filed Draft Red Herring Prospectus in connection with Initial Public Offer with the Securities and Exchange Board of India.

2 Basis of preparation

A Statement of compliance and going concern assessment

These standalone financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (ind AS) to comply w''ith the requirements prescribed under Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013, (the âActâ) read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as amended from time to time and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013, (Ind AS compliant Schedule III), as applicable to the financial statements.

The standalone financial statements were authorised for issue by the Companyâs Board of Directors on July 10, 2023.

Details of the Company''s accounting policies are included in Note 3 B Functional and presentation currency

These standalone financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (?), which is also the Companyâs functional currency. All amounts have been rounded-off to the nearest lakhs, unless otherwise indicated

C Basis of measurement

The standalone financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the following items:

Items

Measurement basis

Certain financial assets and liabilities (including derivative instruments)

Net defined benefit (asset) / liability

Fair value

Fair value of plan assets less present value of defined benefit obligations

D Use of estimates and judgements

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised prospectively

Current and non-current classification are in line with the requirements of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013

Judgements

Information about judgements made iu applying accounting policies that have the most significant effects on the amounts recognised in the standalone financial statements is included in the following notes:

Property, plant and equipment and intangible assetsâuseful lives

Property, plant and equipment represent a significant proportion of the asset base of the Company. The charge in respect of periodic depreciation is derived after determining an estimate of an asset''s expected useful life and the expected residual value at the end of its life. The useful lives and residual values of the Companyâs assets are determined by the Management at the time the asset is acquired and reviewed periodically, including at the end of each reporting period. The lives are based on historical experience with similar assets.

Provision for expected credit lasses of trade receivables and contract assets:

The Company uses a provision matrix to calculate ECLs for trade receivables and contract assets The provision rates are based on days past due for groupings of various customers that have similar loss patterns (i.e,, by geography, customer type, rating etc.).

The Company determines the allowance for credit losses based on historical loss experience adjusted to reflect current and estimated future economic conditions The Company considered current and anticipated future economic conditions relating to industries the Company deals w''ith and the countries where it operates. In calculating expected credit loss) the Company has also considered external credit information for its customers to estimate the probability of default in future, where ever necessary.

D Use of estimates and judgements (continued)

Assets and obligations relating to employee benefits

The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and other post-employment benefits and the present value of the gratuity obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

Impairment of non-financiai assets

Impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount which is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use The value in use calculation is based on a DCF model. The estimated cash flows are developed based on internal forecasts and do not include restructuring activities that the Group is not yet committed to or significant future investments that will enhance the assetâs performance of the CGU being tested. The recoverable amount is sensitive to the discount rate used for the DCF model as well as the expected future cash-inflows and the growth rate used for extrapolation purposes. These estimates are most relevant to Goodwill and Other intangibles w^rith indefinite useful lives recognised by the Group The key assumptions used to determine the recoverable amount for the different CGUs, are disclosed in Note 16A.

Lease classification, termination and renewal option of leases

hid AS 116 requires lessees to determine the lease term as the non-eancellable period of a lease adjusted with any option to extend or terminate the lease, if the use of such option is reasonably certain. The Company makes an assessment on the expected lease term on a lease-by-lease basis and thereby assesses whether it is reasonably certain that the Company will continue the lease beyond non-canceliable period and whether any options to extend or terminate the contract w''ill be exercised. In evaluating the lease term, the Company considers factors such as any significant leasehold improvements undertaken over the lease term, costs relating to the terminating the lease and the importance of the underlying asset to Company''s operations taking in to account the location of the underlying asset and the availability of suitable alternatives. The lease term in future periods is reassessed to ensure that the lease term reflects the current economic circumstances. After considering current and future economic conditions, the Company has concluded that no material changes are required to lease period relating to the existing lease contracts

Assumptions and estimation uncertainties

Information about assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment in the year ended 31 March 2023 is included in the following notes:

- Note 3 (N) (ii) & 11 - recognition of deferred tax assets: availability of future taxable profit against which tax losses carried forward can be used

- Note 30 - Measurement of defined benefit obligations: key actuarial assumptions

- Note 37 - Financial instruments - Fair values and risk management

2 Basis of preparation (continued)

E Measurement of fair values

A number of the Companyâs accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities

The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

? In the principal market for the asset or 1 lability'', or

? In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability

Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation teehmques as follows:

- Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

- Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e, as prices) or indirectly (i.e., derived from prices).

- Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

When measuring the fair values of an asset or a liability, the Company uses observable market data as far as possible. If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is eategorised in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement. The Company recognises transfer between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during whieh the eliange has occurred.

Further information about the assumptions made in measuring fan values is included in the following notes:

- Note 37 - Financial instruments - Fair values and risk management

F Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-cunent classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:

- Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle

- Held primarily for the purpose of trading

- Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period All other assets are classified as non-current

A liability is current when:

- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading

- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

The terms of the liability that could, at the option of the counterparty, result in its settlement by the issue of equity instruments do not affect its classification.

The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.

3 Significant accounting polices A Foreign currency

Foreign currency transactions

Transactions in foreign currencies are arc initially recorded at the functional currency of the Company, at the exchange rates at the dates of the transaetions or an average rate if the average rate approximates the actual rate at the date of the transaction.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate at the reporting date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate when the fair value was determined Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured based on historical cost in a foreign currency are translated at the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Exchange differences are recognised in statement of profit and loss

B Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity,

i. Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument

All financial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as subsequently measured at amortised cost and fair value through profit or loss. All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables^ net of directly attributable transaction costs.

i. Initial recognition and measurement (continued)

The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset''s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Companyâs business model for managing them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Company has applied the practical expedient, the Company initially measures a financial asset at its fai rvalue plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fait value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Company has applied the practical expedient ate measured at the transaction price determined under Ind AS 115 Refer to the accounting policies in section (K) Revenue from contracts with customers

In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost, it needs to give rise to cash flows that are âsolely payments of principal and interest (SPPI)â on the principal amount outstanding. This assessment is referred to as the SPPI test and is performed at an instrument level Financial assets with cash flows that are not SPPI are classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model.

The Companyâs business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business model determines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows. Financial assets classified and measured at amortised cost are held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows.

il. Classification and subsequent measurement Financial assets

On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at

- amortised cost,

- FVTPL

Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.

A financial asset is measured at amortised cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

- the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to colled eontraetual cash flows; and

- the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding

All financial assets not measured at amortised cost as described above are measured at FVTPL. This includes all derivative financial assets. On initial recognition, the Company may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otheiwise meets the requirements to be measured at amoitised cost as at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.

Financial assets: Subsequent measurement and gains and losses
Financial assets at FVTPL	These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Net gams and losses, tncluding any interest ot dividend income, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Financial assets at amortised cost	These assets are subsequently measured at amoitised cost using the effective interest inethod. The amortised cost is reduced by impairment losses Interest income, foreign exclrange gains and losses and impairment are recognised in
	statement of profit and loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is recognised in profit or loss

Financial liabilities: Classification, subsequent measurement and gains and losses

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortised cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held- for- trading, or it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial liabilities at FVTPL ate measured at fair value and net gains and losses, including an}¹ interest expense, ate recognised in statement of profit and loss. Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognised in profit or loss.

Compulsorily Convertible preference shares are separated into liability and equity components based on the terms of the contract. On issuance of the convertible preference shares, the fail value of the liability component is determined using a market rate for an equivalent non-convertible instrument. Tilts amount is classified as a financial liability measured at amoitised cost (net of transaction costs) until it is extinguished on conversion ot redemption The remainder of the proceeds are allocated to the conversion o|jtion that is recognised and included in equity if the conversion option meets Ind AS 32 criteria for fixed to fixed classification and as liability if the conversion o|jtion does not meet Ind AS 32 criteria for fixed to fixed classification. Transaction costs are deducted from equity, net of associated income tax. The carrying amount of the conversion option are remeasured on eveiy repoiting period and the difference is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

If the day 1 profit or loss is not evidenced by a quoted price in an active market for an identical asset or liability (i.e Level 1 input) nor based on a valuation technique that uses only data from observable markets, then the entity does not recognise a gain or loss on initial recognition.

ill. Derecognition

Financial assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

If the Company enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognised on its balance sheet, but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognised.

Financial li a bib ties

The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled, or expire.

The Company also derecognises a financial liability when its terms are modified and the eash flows under the modified terms are substantially different In this ease, a new ftnaneial liability based on the modified terms is recognised at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in profit or loss.

B Financial instruments (continued) iv. Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the balance sheet when, and only when, the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the amounts and it intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

C Business combinations

i. Business combinations (other than common control business combinations)

In accordance with Ind AS 103, the Company accounts for these business combinations using the acquisition method when eontrol is transferred to the Company, The consideration transferred for the business combination is generally measured at fait value as at the date the control is acquired (acquisition date), as ate the net identifiable assets aequired. Any goodwill that arises is tested annually for impairment. Any gam on a bargain purchase is reeogmsed in OCI and aecumulated in equity as capital reserve if there exists clear evidence of the underlying reasons for classifying the business combination as resulting in a bargain purchase: otherwise the gain is recognised directly in equity as capita] reserve. Acquisition related costs ate expensed as incurred.

The consideration transferred does not include amounts related to the settlement of pre-existing relationships with the acquiree. Such amounts are generally recognised in profit or loss.

Any contingent consideration is measured at fair value at the date of acquisition. If an obligation to pay contingent consideration that meets the definition of a financial instrument is classified as equity, then it is not remeasured subsequently and settlement is accounted for within equity. Other contingent consideration is remeasured at fait value at each reporting date and changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration are recognised in profit or loss.

If share-based payment awards (replacement awards) are required to be exchanged for awards held by the acquireeâs employees (acquireeâs awards), then all or a portion of the amount of the acquirer''s replacement awards is included in measuring the consideration transferred in the business combination. The determination of the amount to be included in consideration transferred is based on the market-based measure of the replacement awards compared with the market-based measure of the acquireeâs awards and the extent to which the replacement awards relate to pre-combination service.

If a business combination is achieved in stages, any previously held equity interest in the acquiree is re-measured at its acquisition date fair value and any resulting gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss or OCI, as appropriate.

D Property, plant and equipment

i. Recognition and measurement

On transition to Ind AS (i.e. 1 April 2016), the Company has elected to continue with the earrying value of all Property, plant and equipment measured as per the previous GAAP and use that earrying value as the deemed cost of Property, plant and equipment.

For subsequent acquisition, items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost, which includes capitalised borrowing costs, less aecumulated depreciation and aecumulated impairment losses, if any.

Capital work in progress is stated at cost, net of accumulated impairment loss, if any.

Cost of an item of property, plant and equipment comprises its purchase price, including import duties, if any and non-re fundable purchase taxes, after deducting trade discounts and rebates, any directly attributable cost of bringing the item to its working condition for its intended use and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals^ the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its tost is recognised in the tarrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in profit or loss as incurred.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon dis|tosal or when no future economic benefits ate expected from its use or disposal. Any gain ot loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net dis|xisal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.

ii Subsequent expenditure

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

iii. Depreciation

Depreciation is calculated on cost of items of property, plant and equipment less then estimated residual values over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method, and is generally recognised in the statement of profit and loss. Freehold laud is not depreciated.

The Company reviews the estimated residual values and expected useful lives of assets at least annually.

The estimated useful lives of items of property, plant and equipment for the current and comparative periods are as follows:

Asset	Management estimate of useful life (in years)
Buildings	30-60
Plant and equipment	03-10
Furniture and fixtures	01-10
Vehicles	08-10
Office equipment	5
Computer equipment	03-06
Leasehold improvements	$

* Leasehold improvements are amortised on a straight line basis over the useful lite ot the asset or the lease term whichever is lower.

Based on technical evaluation and consequent advice, the management believes that its estimates of useful lives as given above best represent the period over which management expects to use these assets and are different from those prescribed in Schedule II of the Act.

Depreciation on additions (disposals) is provided on a pro-rata basis i.e, from (upto) the date on which asset is ready for use (disposed of).

E Goodwill and other intangibles

i. GoodwlD

Goodwill is recognised and is measured as the excess of the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquiree and the fair value of the Company''s previously held equity shares in the acquiree, over the net of the consideration date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed.

ii. Other intangible assets

On transition to Ind AS (i.e. 1 April 2016), the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all Intangible Assets measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of Intangible Assets.

For subsequent measurement, intangible assets including those acquired by the Company in a business combination are initially measured at cost Such intangible assets are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.

iii. Subsequent expenditure

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

iv. Amortisation

Goodwill is not amortised and is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when there is an indication that the unit may be impaired.

Amortisation is calculated to write off the cost of intangible assets less their estimated residual values over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method, and is ineluded in depreciation and amortisation in statement of profit and loss.

The estimated useful lives of items of intangible assets for the current and eomparative periods are as follows:

Asset	Management estimate of useful life (in years)
Brand	05
Customer relationship	07
Computer software	03-10

Amortisation method, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each financial year and adjusted if appropriate,

F Inventories

Inventories consist of stores and spare parts and are measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value. The cost of inventories is based on the first-in first-out formula, and includes expenditure incurred in aequiring the inventories and other costs incurred in bringing them to their present location and condition.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and selling expenses. The eomparison of eost and net realisable value is made on an item by item basis

G Impairment

i. Impairment of financial insti llments

The Company recognises loss allowances tot expected credit losses on:

- financial assets measured at amortised cost;

At each re|x>iting date, the Company assesses whether financial assets carried at amortised cost are credit - impaired. A financial asset is âcredit - impairedâ when one or more events that have a detri mental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have occurred.

Evidence that a financial asset is ciedit- impaired includes the following observable data:

- significant financial difficulty of the borrower or issuer;

- a breach of contract such as a default

- the restructuring of a loan or advance by the Company on terms that the Company would not consider otherwise,

- it is probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganisation; or

- the disappearance of an active market for a security because of financial difficulties.

The Company measures loss allowances using simplified approach, at an amount equal to lifetime expected ciedit losses, except for the following, which arc measured as 12 month expected credit losses:

- debt securities that are determined to have low credit risk at the reporting date; and

- other debt securities and bank balances for which credit risk (re. the risk of default occurring over the expected life of the financial instrument) has not increased significantly since initial recognition.

Loss allowances for trade receivables are always measured at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses.

Lifetime expected credit losses are the expected credit losses that result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. 12-month expected credit losses are the portion of expected credit losses that result from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date (or a shorter period if the expected life of the instrument is less than 12 months). In all cases, the maximum period considered when estimating expected credit losses is the maximum contractual period over which the Company is exposed to credit risk.

When determining whether the credit risk of a financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition and when estimating expected credit losses, the Company considers reasonable and supportable information that is relevant and available without undue eost or effort. This includes both quantitative and qualitative information and analysis, based on the Company''s historical experience and informed ciedit assessment and including forward- looking information

The Company considers a financial asset to be in default when the borrower is unlikely to pay its credit obligations to the Company in full, without recourse by the Company to actions such as realising security (if any is held).

i. Impairment of financial instruments (continued)

Measurement of expected credit losses

Expected credit losses are a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses. Credit losses are measured as the present value of all cash shortfalls (i.e. the differenee between the cash flows due to the Company in aecordance with the contract and the cash flows that the Company expects to receive).

Presentation of allowance for expected credit losses in the balance .fleet

Loss allowances for financial assets measured at amortised cost are deducted from the gross carrying amount of the assets Write-off

ii. Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company''s non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the assetâs recoverable amount is estimated. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually.

For impairment testing, assets that do not generate independent cash inflows are grouped together into cash-genera ting units (CGUs). Each CGU represents the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs.

Goodwill arising from a business combination is allocated to CGUs or groups of CGUs that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination.

The recoverable amount of a CGU (or an individual asset) is the higher of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. Value in use is based on the estimated future cash flows, discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specifre to the CGU (or the asset).

An impairment loss is recognised if the car tying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. Impairment loss recognised in respect of a CGU is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU, and then to reduce the cariying amounts of the other assets of the CGU (or group of CGUs) on a pi o rata basis.

An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not subsequently reversed. In respeet of other assets for wtueh impairment loss has been recognised in prior periods, the Company reviews at each reporting date whether there is any indication that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. Such a reversal is made only to the extent that the assetâs carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

H Employee benefits & Share based payment arrangements

i. Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the related service is provided, A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid e.g., under short-term cash bonus, if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee, and the amount of obligation can be estimated reliably.

ii. Share-based payment transactions

The cost of equity''-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model. The grant-date fair value of equity-settled share-based payment awards granted to employees is generally recognised as an employee benefit expense, with a corresponding increase in equity under share based payment reserve, over the period that the employees unconditionally become entitled to the awards. Service and non-market performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date fair value of awards, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of the Companyâs best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. Market performance conditions are reflected within the grant date fair value. Any other conditions attached to an award, but without an associated service requirement, are considered to be non-vesting eonditions. Non-vesting conditions are reflected in the fair value of an award and lead to an immediate expensing of an award unless there are also service and/or performance conditions.

No expense is recognised for awards that do not ultimately vest because non-market performance and/or service conditions have not been met. Where awards include a market or non-vesting condition, the transactions are treated as vested irrespective of whether the market or non-vesting condition is satisfied, provided that all other performance and/or service eonditions are satisfied.

When the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, the minimum expense recognised is the grant date fair value of the unmodified award, provided the original vesting terms of the award are met. An additional expense, measured as at the date of modification, is recognised for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payment transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee. Where an award is cancelled by the entity or by the counterparty, any remaining element of the fair value of the award is expensed immediately through profit or loss.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share ill. Defined contribution plans

A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions into a separate entity and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. The Company makes s|iecified monthly contributions towards Government administered provident fund scheme, Employees State Insurance Scheme and an superannuation fund to Life Insurance Corporation (LIC), Obligations for contributions to defined contribution plans are recognised as an employee benefit expense in statement of profit and loss in the periods during which the related seivices are rendered by employees. Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in future payments is available.

iv. Defined benefit plans

A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined eontribution plan. The Companyâs net obligation in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated separately for each plan by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in the current and prior periods, discounting that amount and deducting the fair value of any plan assets.

The calculation of defined benefit obligation is performed annually by a qualified actuaiy using the projected unit credit method. When the calculation results in a potential asset for the Company, the recognised asset is limited to the present value of economic benefits available in the form of any future refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan (âthe asset ceilingâ). In order to calculate the present value of economic benefits, consideration is given to any minimum funding requirements.

Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability, which comprise actuarial gains and losses and the effect of the asset ceiling (if any, excluding interest), are recognised in OCI. The Company determines the net interest expense (income) on the net defined benefit liability for the period by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation at the beginning of the annual period to the then-net defined benefit liability, taking into account any changes in the net defined benefit liability during the period as a result of contributions and benefit payments. Net interest expense and other expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognised in statement of profit and loss.

Past service costs are recognised in profit or loss on the earlier of

(i) The date of the plan amendment or curtailment, and

(ii) The date that the Company recognises related restructuring costs

The Company recognises gains and losses on the settlement of a defined benefit plan when the settlement occurs. The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit plan is determined using the projected unit credit method

v. Other long-term employee benefits

The Companyâs net obligation in respect of compensated absences is the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods; that benefit is discounted to determine its present value, and the fair value of any related assets is deducted. The obligation is measured on the basis of an annual independent actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method. Remeasurements gains or losses are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they arise.

I Provisions (other than far employee benefits)

A provision is recognised if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows (representing the best estimate of the ex|ienditure required to settle the present obligation at the balance sheet date) at a pie-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The unwinding of the discount is recognised as finance cost. Expected future operating losses are not provided for

i. Onerous contracts

J Contingent fiabilities and contingent assets Contingent liability is disclosed for all:

- possible obligation that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-oecurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company (or)

- present obligations arising from past events where it is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation or a sufficiently reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made

K Revenue

i. Rendering of services

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of the services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those services. Such revenue is recognised upon the Companyâs performance of its contractual obligations and on satisfying all the following conditions:

(1) Parties to the contract have approved the contract and undertaken to perform their respective obligations;

(2) Such contract has s|iecified the respective lights and obligations of the parties in connection with the transfer of goods or rendering of seivices (hereinafter the âTransferâ);

(3) Such contract contains specific payment terms in relation to the Transfer,

(4) Such contract has a commercial nature, namely, it will change the risk, time distribution or amount of the Companyâs future cash flow;

(5) The Company is likely to recover the consideration it is entitled to for the Transfer to customers.

Revenue is recognised when no significant uncertainly exists regarding the collection of the consideration. The amount recognised as revenue is exclusive of all indirect taxes and net of returns and discounts.

Performance Obligations:

a) Supply chain management

The Companyâs supply chain management segment generates revenue from services to its customers such as providing freight and other transportation services, warehousing, packaging, kitting, reverse logistics and inventory management contracts ranging from a few months to a few years. Certain accessorial services may be provided to eustomers under their transportation contracts, such as unloading and other incidental services. The Companyâs performance obligations are satisfied over time as eustomers simultaneously receive and consume the benefits of the Companyâs services. The contracts contain a single performance obligation, as the distinct services provided remain substantially the same over time and possess the same pattern of transfer. The transaction price is based on the consideration specified in the contract with the customer and contains fixed and variable consideration. In general, the fixed component of a contract represents amounts for facility and equipment costs incurred to satisfy the performance obligation and is recognized over the term of the contract.

In the case of transportation services, performance obligation is created when a customer under a transportation contract submits a shipment note for the transport of goods from origin to destination. These performance obligations are satisfied over the period as the shipments move from origin to destination and revenue is recognized proportionally as a shipment moves and the related costs are recognized as incurred. Performance obligations are short-term, with transit days less than one week. Generally, customers are billed either upon shipment of the freight or on a monthly basis, and remit payment according to approved payment terms The Company recognizes revenue on a net basis when the Company does not control the specific services

b) Telecommunication:

Telecommunication contract revenue arises from construction/ erection of towers for some of the Companyâs customers in the Telecommunications segment These towers ate constructed based on specifically negotiated contracts with customers by outsourcing the activities to sub-contractors. Transaction price includes the initial amount agreed in the contract plus any variations in contract work, claims and incentive payments, to the extent that it is probable that they will result in revenue and can be measured reliably. If the outcome of a contract can be estimated reliably, contract revenue is recognised in profit or loss over the period in proportion to the stage of completion of the contract. The stage of completion is assessed by reference to surveys of work performed (output method). Otherwise, contract revenue is recognised only to the extent of contract costs incurred that are likely to be recoverable Contract costs are recognised as expenses as incurred unless they create an asset related to future contract activity An expected loss on a contract is recognised immediately in profit or loss.

Unbilled revenue represents value of services under performance in accordance with the contract terms but not billed. Revenue is measured at fair value of the consideration received or receivable, after deduction of any trade discounts, volume rebates and any taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government such as goods and services tax, etc. Accumulated experience is used to estimate the provision for such discounts and rebates. Revenue is only recognised to the extent that it is highly probable a significant reversal will not occur.

e) Sale of goods

Revenue from sale of traded goods including telecommunication goods is recognised when the control of the same is transferred to the eustomer, generally on delivery of the goods and it is probable that the Company will colleet the consideration to which it is entitled for the exchanged goods.

Unbilled revenue represents value of services performed in accordance with the contract terms but not billed. Revenue is measured at fair value of the consideration received or receivable, after deduction of any trade discounts, volume rebates and any taxes or duties colleeted on behalf of the government such as goods and services tax, etc. Accumulated experience is used to estimate the provision for such discounts and rebates. Revenue is only recognised to the extent that it is highly probable a significant reversal will not occur.

Variable consideration:

Generally, the Companyâs contracts contain provisions for adjustments to pricing based on achieving agreed-upon performance metrics, changes in volumes, services and market conditions. Revenue relating to these pricing adjustments is estimated and included in the consideration if it is probable that a significant revenue reversal will not occur in the future The estimate of variable consideration is determined either by the expected value or most likely amount method and factors in current, past and forecasted experience with the customer. Customers are billed based on terms specified in the revenue contract and remit payment according to approved payment terms.

Contract balances:

a) Contract assets:

A contract asset is the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer. If the Company performs by transferring goods or services to a eustomer before the eustomer pays consideration or before payment is due, a contract asset is recognised for the earned consideration that is conditional.

b) Contract liabilities:

A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Company has received consideration (ot an amount of consideration is due) from the customer. If a customer pays consideration before the Company transfers goods ot services to the customer, a contract liability is recognised when the payment is made or the payment is due (whichever is earlier). Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the Company performs under the contract,

L Lenses

Company as a Lessor:

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset is elassified as operating leases. Rental ineome arising is aecounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease terms. Initial direet costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised over the lease term on the same basis as rental income. Contingent rents are recognised as revenue in the period in which they are earned.

Leases ate classified as finance leases when substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership transfer from the Company to the lessee. Amounts due from lessees under finance leases ate recorded as receivables at the Companyâs net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.

Company as lessee

assets,

(i) Right-of-use assets

The Company recognises right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the date the underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognised, inrtial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the assets.

(ii) Lease liabilities

At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including insubstance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees. The lease payments also include the exercise price of a purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised by the Company and payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Company exercising the option to terminate. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognised as expenses (unless they are incurred to produce inventories) in the period in which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs.

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